Dr. Carl Schoonover is an Associate Research Scientist at Columbia University where he studies the neural mechanisms that underlie olfactory learning, with the aim of applying insights from biological intelligence to next-generation algorithms for artificial intelligence. He is the author of Portraits of the Mind: Visualizing the Brain from Antiquity to the 21st Century, a co-founder of NeuWrite, a collaborative working group for scientists, writers, and those in between, and has written for The New York Times, Le Figaro, and Scientific American. He hosts a radio program on WKCR 89.9FM, which focuses on opera, postwar classical music, and occasionally their relationship to the brain.